Title
Mode shift in the Indian Ocean climate under global warming stress
Author(s)
Nakamura, N.;Kayanne, H.;Iijima, H.;McClanahan, T. R.;Behera, S. K.;Yamagata, T.
Published
2009
Publisher
Geophysical Research Letters
Abstract
A 115-year coral record from Kenya has been found to preserve the history of rainfall anomalies in East Africa in relation to global warming-induced Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) variability. The coral IOD index demonstrates a dominantly decadal periodicity in the early part of the 20th century. This low-frequency IOD occurred more frequently before 1924 with mostly quasi-biennial ranging from 18 months to 3 years events since 1960. The mode shift has also coincided with an intensified coupling with Indian summer monsoon rainfall. We suggest that a warming of the western Indian Ocean, which has attenuated and replaced the El Niño/Southern Oscillation effect over the Indian Ocean, has driven the observed shift. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union.

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